It stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS is the language for describing the styling and presentation of Web pages, including colors, layout, fonts, and other decorative features. It is standard and used by most/all websites across the world.
It can’t exist on its own. It goes hand-in-hand with an HTML file.
Let’s look at the difference between the same website with and without CSS.
You can use this tool by Matt Wolff to remove CSS from any site: https://kill-styles.matt-wolff.com/
When CSS is removed, you see the default styling of the browser. This styling can vary between browsers.
Look at this artwork by Sebastian Ly Serena which uses default styling and notice how they slightly vary between Chrome, Safari, and Firefox.